Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth recognized council, in 451 condemned Eutyches. It also recognized the equality of the bishops in Rome and Constantinople.
The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth recognized council, in 451 condemned Eutyches. It also recognized the equality of the bishops in Rome and Constantinople.
This third of the ecumenical councils of the Church met at Ephesus in 431 and condemned Nestorius.
Since Apollinaris’ doctrine marred the perfection of his humanity, it was condemned at the Council of Constantinople in 381. This same Council asserted the divinity of the Holy Spirit. From that time the Athanasian doctrine of the Trinity has held the orthodox position in Christianity.
The emperor was pleased with the result and sent Arius and his supporters into banishment. Outside of the Holy Scriptures, the Nicene Creed is the most important document the Church holds to establish orthodoxy.
The Greek Fathers were important champions and defenders of the Nicene Creed and their influence as men of God who would never waver in their faith did much to defend orthodoxy against heresy and the interference of the government.
Synods were held at Carthage at which an anti-Roman position was ratified. But the Roman influence was the stronger, and in the end, Augustine fixed the position of the Catholic Church by affirming that once a person was baptized they could be readmitted regardless of their sin by the simple laying on of hands.
By making Christianity a legal religion, Constantine opened the door for one of the greatest periods of growth in the history of the church.
The faithfulness of Christian martyrs had a great influence on those who witnessed their courage and, as a result, countless men and women converted to the faith.
The schools, especially the one in Alexandria, preserved early writings and produced important scholars who impacted the church for centuries.
The Church Fathers anticipated Augustine by two centuries in their formulation of the doctrine of original sin and in their acceptance of the principle of divine grace.